If you are looking to expand your 3D printing services, or want to offer a comprehensive service right off the bat, you might want to consider offering 3D scanning. 3D scanning can provide you and your patrons with the ability to 3D print objects and items that might not be available through websites like Thingiverse or cannot be easily replicated in a CAD program and can also be useful in digitizing objects. You can even scan an object and put it in virtual reality!
About 3D Scanning Technology
Most 3D scanners use laser or structured light technology to digitally scan and form an object that can then be viewed, edited, and printed, but there are other ways to scan. However, all types of 3D scanning have a base method of scanning. During the 3D scanning process, tons of reference points are created at different locations, and then merged together to create the three-dimensional scan. 3D scanning is used predominantly in prototyping, reverse engineering, and digitizing. However, some patrons might find it useful if they are trying to replicate an object or part. For example — a part of a broken blind or shade.
Common 3D Scanning Techniques
• Structured light scanning: Uses white or LED light and a camera to scan. The light and camera work together to obtain multiple angles of the object, which you can then edit and piece together in its accompanying software.
• Laser scanning: Probably the most precise and detail-oriented process. Users small laser beams and a camera to find and scan objects. The camera finds the location of the laser beam, and takes images from there, merging them to create an editable object.
• Photogrammetry. This process uses a handheld camera to take images from different angles of the object, then stitches the images together. Photogrammetry can provide quick, accurate detailing, but the quality of the photos can be questionable, and sometimes considerable editing is required.
The types of 3D scanning used in libraries can vary. Here are just a few options:
• Mobile app: Yes, you might be able to 3D scan an object with just an app…and a piece of white printer paper. Mobile app scanning uses a 3D scanning process called While convenient and easy, it does not always yield quality or usable results. The piece of printer paper is necessary to get a clean scan. Generally a grid pattern is printed out onto the paper for a cleaner scan.
• Handheld scanner: A handheld 3D scanner allows the user to control its movements and area scanning. The scanner is connected directly to a laptop or desktop computer. The user will move the scanner around the entire object to capture all of its side, and can watch on the computer how well the object is being scanned. Handheld scanners provide good scans, and are convenient and easy to use. However, because a user is controlling the scanning process, they provide less accurate scans and only decent quality.
• Stationary scanner: Stationary scanners are more stable than handheld scanners, and provide accurate, detailed scans. Stationary scanners also connect to a laptop or desktop computer, and usually come with an attached tripod or arm that is fixed to the scanner itself, and a platform where the object is placed. This platform is either turned by the scanner or the user. Stationary scanners are not particularly mobile, and might not always capture every aspect of an object.
Most 3D scanner manufacturers provide software that will allow you to edit and save your file. A 3D scanned object is not necessarily going to scan perfectly, so it’s important to learn the features of this software to properly analyze and fix minor issues that occurred during the scanning process. There are also open-source programs available to help smooth out rough edges and fill in small holes in a 3D scanned file. Once you are satisfied with your file, you will be able to export it as an STL or OBJ and prepare it for printing.
Tips & Tricks for 3D Scanning
• 3D objects scan best in darkness and a white background, and in a place with little movement. If you’re looking to incorporate 3D scanning into your library, it’s good to know in advance where you might want to use your 3D scanner, and prepare that space.
• Dark and shiny objects can sometimes be difficult to scan. A dusting of white chalk on the entire object can help make these objects more visible.
• Prepare for a lot of trial and error! Be sure to check the forums and other communities for more detailed tips and tricks
• 3D scanning is great for digitizing older or even outdoor objects. It is a process that is used in museums, but could be useful for other libraries as well.
• It’s important to know that 3D scanning is not a perfect science. Not every object will scan properly, and scanning can take hours to complete. As always, be sure to research your options and be prepared for some major trial and error.