CNC

As libraries continue to trend towards emerging technology, CNC machines are becoming more popular in Maker and Innovation spaces. A CNC machine uses programmable software and some standard shop tools to cut various materials — like 3D printing, it’s a type of manufacturing. CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control, and the machine itself might also be referred to as a CNC router. You might also hear the term “CNC Mill,” or CNC milling. Modern CNC machines are complex, but ultimately are powered by pre-programmed software that control the movements of a cutting attachment,which uses various drill bits.These movements create cuts in materials like wood and plastic, creating all sorts of items — even jewelry!

Traditional CNC machines can be quite large (some are even the size of a small room!) but there are some really great desktop and benchtop options on the market. Smaller CNC machines are great for libraries because of their more compact size and ease of use. While larger than a 3D printer, they are still small enough to be used on a table or workbench.

With a desktop CNC, you will be able to work with wood, some plastics, and possibly aluminum and other metals. Think about which projects would most interest your community and patrons, and make your decision on which materials you would like to work with from there. You want to be sure you have a machine that will meet the needs of your community, but also be manageable for staff.

Like 3D printers, every CNC machine will be designed differently, but each machine will have the standard parts and pieces:

XYZ axes: to help guide you while creating your designs

Motor:

Collet:

Bit: You can purchase as many bits as you’d like, or just use the basics, but always check to make sure that they’re compatible with your machine and project. Bits are changed to work with different materials, designs, and speeds. 

Workspace: where you place your material so it can be cut. Materials will need to be clamped and secured to ensure they don’t move. 

Unless you purchase a small, portable CNC machine, you might want to consider setting up the machine where it will stay. CNC machines require flat, stable surfaces and should be calibrated for the surface you plan to place it on.

You will need to know what you’re designing so you can adjust your machine appropriately. Designs for CNC machines can be made using various CAD programs (called CAM for CNC machines), as well as in Adobe Illustrator or free programs like Inkscape. Like 3D printers, CNC machines can handle GCodes, but unlike 3D printers, they can also handle SVG files, though many times the SVG file needs to be converted to a GCode. 

Did you know? SVG stands for Scaleable Vector Graphic, and is a web-based graphics file.

It’s important to calibrate the machine before each new job. If the machine is not calibrated, it will not cut your design properly. The software you use will have the tools you need for calibration. Calibration 

Once your design is running, it’s important to monitor the process as best you can to make sure there are no issues while cutting. When your design is done, be sure to clean your work area. Some people even use a shop vac for this, creating a dust show to capture debris while the machine cutting — these attachments can be purchased or 3D printed. You can also make or buy an enclosure for your machine if it doesn’t come with one, and depending on where you’re placing it. 

So, why would you want this machine in your library? A CNC machine goes beyond wood burning. It can elevate your makerspace services. Patrons can make custom signs, cutting boards, even personalize a guitar! There are so many options. Patrons get to learn not only how to use a shop tool, but new computer skills as well! If you do go ahead and purchase a CNC machine, remember these important factors: 

• Space for the machine
• Staff to learn how to use and manage it 
• Patron interest

If you can make a CNC machine work for you, then you have an excellent tool to enhance your library services. Good luck!